<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Uruguay<nl>Economy</hdr><body>
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<item><hi format=bold>Overview:</hi> Uruguay is a small economy with favorable climate, good soils, and solid hydropower potential. Economic development has been held back by excessive government regulation of economic detail and 50% to 130% inflation. After several years of sluggish growth, real GDP jumped by about 7.5% in 1992. The rise is attributable mainly to an increase in Argentine demand for Uruguayan exports, particularly agricultural products and electricity. In a major step toward greater regional economic cooperation, Uruguay in 1991 had joined Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay in forming the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur). A referendum in December 1992 overturned key portions of landmark privatization legislation, dealing a serious blow to President LACALLE's broad economic reform plan. Hampered by a slowdown in the agricultural sector, the economy grew at only 2% in 1993 compared with 7.5% in 1992. Although inflation declined for the second consecutive year, a surge in the money supply, rising food prices, a record trade deficit, and an increase in the government deficit toward the end of the year foreshadowed troubles ahead in 1994.
<item><hi format=bold>National product:</hi> GDP—purchasing power equivalent—$19 billion (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product real growth rate:</hi> 2% (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>National product per capita:</hi> $6,000 (1993 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Agriculture:</hi> accounts for 12% of GDP; large areas devoted to livestock grazing; wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs
<item><hi format=bold>Economic aid:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>recipient:</hi> US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $105 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $420 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $69 million
<item><hi format=bold>Exchange rates:</hi> Uruguayan pesos ($Ur) per US$1—4.4710 (January 1994), 3.9484 (1993); new Uruguayan pesos (N$Ur) per US$1—3,457.5 (December 1992), 3,026.9 (1992), 2,489 (1991), 1,594 (1990), 805 (1989)
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<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> on 1 March 1993 the former New Peso (N$Ur) was replaced as Uruguay's unit of currency by the Peso which is equal to 1,000 of the New Pesos; consequently there is a major change in the peso/dollar exchange rate
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<item><hi format=bold>Fiscal year:</hi> calendar year